Carburetor for powdered fuel



Filed Nov. 24, 1947 May 5, 1953 s. l.. FlTzPA'rRxcK 2,637,599

CARBURETOR FOR POWDERED FUEL Filed Nov. 24. 1947 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 lumi /7 7 rofrA/fy,

Patented May 5, 1953 'stephen L. Fitzpatrick, Detroit, Mich., assigner 'to BIokol'gasvSystenr, Inc., Detroit, Mich., a. corporation oMieh'gan Application November 24, 1947, serial No. '187,765 is ciano-s. (ci. 3oz-@56) `This invention relates broadly to new and useful improvements in furnaces for burning powdered coal and 'more particularly to a novel. carburetor for regulating the flo'w of fuel to the In the combustion of solidfuelsvcertain basic conditions must prevail if'the action is to be perfect. In the first place, the fuel and air must be supplied in proper proportion; second, the fuel air must be uniformly and thoroughly mixed and brought il'lto intimate contact in all parts of the zone of combustion; third, there must be sufficient Surface contact between the'fuel 'and the air; fourth, the, temperature must 'be 'such that the combustion is active 'and complete; and ith, s'uicent time 'must be allowed for complete combustion. Fullling. the last two requirements, i'. e., sucient temperature for 'active combustion and enough time for complete comb'stion, usually is not a 'eritical problem in present day industrial power plant` furnaces. The questions of efl'eiehey and perfect burning are more dependent on h'w 'well the i'uel and the system for' burning it fulfills the rs't'thre'e requirements; namely, proper porportion' of fuel .and air, thorough and uniform mixture of the iu'e1 and air, and suicient surface Contact.

In general, powdered coal is theonly solid fuel 'which fulfills the requirements for perfect combustion. W'hen properly mixed with ai'r it will' ow and burn like a liquid fuel,4 and the fuel and' air can be Supplied in proper proportions 'at all times. Thus, powdered coal is much cleaner and more efficient to burn than lump coal. ln the case of Stoker or hand-nred furnaces, the continual and unpredictable choking-off of the draft here and' there in the fuel bed makes control of the air=fue1 ratio impossible. The tiny particles of powdered coal can be thoroughly mixed with and' 'uniformly spread through the air so that each particle is in intimate contact with the air at all times. This is contrasted with the 'burning of fuel in lumps where the air flow varies from one part of the rebedvto the other and. different parts of the coal are coiltlnually being 'shut off from the air. Also, in the case of powdered coal, the extremely' la'r'ge number of Ysmall particles are surrounded with air; and,4 as a result, the aggregate surface exposare to the air several hundred times greater than anv equivalent amount of in a Stoker fed or hand-fired furnace- Heretofore, it has not been practicable to. use powdered coal in domestic heating plants or in similar small scale applications. In IView of the cleanliness, safety and economy of powdered coal, engineers have tried to build small furnaces that would perform as Well and as efficiently as the large industrial furnaces but they have been unsuccessful. One of the main problet'ns in adapting small furnaces for powdered coal, i's to properly blend the fuel and air and to feed the fuel uniformly and at a controlled rate to the combustion chamber.

In typical large furnaces using pulverized c'al. the fuel is fed directly from a pulverizer to la feeder and thence into a forced stream 'of air which carries it into the combustion chamber. Additional air may be injected into the combustion chamber if necessary or desirable to assui'e proper combustion. In practice, thev load on the pulverizer-i'faries as coal of different size goes through. This factor necessarily causes a, slight variation inthe output of the pulveriz'er and consequently in the rate at which the coal i's supplied to the feeder. Since the typical feeder does' not positively control the ow of fuel, the feeding of fuel to the combustion charnber is not always uniform.

'Substantially complete combustion can` be obtained in industrial furnaces even though the fuel is not fed at a uniform rate and is not thoroughly and properly mixed with air before itis injected into the combustion chamber. The large 'size of the combustion chamber and the relatively long travel 'afforded thereby before the fuel passes into the stack permits additional mixing of the fuel and ai'r inside the chamber and to 'some extent overcomes the effects of. uneven feed and bad distribution of the fuel and air. However, in the case of small furnaces, it is necessary that the fuel and air be blended properly before enteringy the combustion chamber,l the fuel must be uniformly distributed through the current of air which carries it. to the combustion chamber, and the fuel-air mixture must be fed to the chamber at an absolutely uniform rate in order to assure proper and ef- 'cient combustion.

An important object of the present invention is to provide a carburetor which is primarily adapted and pre-eminently suited for small furnaces.

Another lobject of the invention is to provide' Still another object of the invention is to pro- I vide a carburetor which will assure a uniform distribution of the fuel in the fuel-air mixture.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a carburetor which will supply the fuel-air mixture at an absolutely uniform rate to the combustion chamber.

A still further objectof the invention is to provide a carburetor which is adjustable to vary the rate of iiow of the fuel to the combustion chamber.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a carburetor of the above mentioned character which is uniquely constructed to prevent the powdered fuel from settling on'bearings and other moving parts as it passes through the carburetor.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the drawing forming a part of this specification and wherein like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same: Fig. 1 is a vertical, sectional view through a carburetor embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical, sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. l; and

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary, perspective view of the valve which controls the ow of fuel through the carburetor.

The carburetor here shown has an upright generally tubular housing I which is made up of superposed sections I2, I4, I6, I8, and 20. The various sections of the housing I 0 are fastened securely together by bolts 22, and suitable annular sealing elements 24 are provided between the several sections.

In the form of the invention here shown by way of illustration, the housing I 0 is carried by a suitable supporting structure 26, as perhaps best shown in Fig. l. Support 26 is formed with an annular flange 28 which is interposed between the two housing sections I2 and I4 and is fastened thereto by screws 22 in the manner hereinabove described. It is to be understood, of course, that the support 26 may be a part of any suitable structure required to position the carburetor properly in the fuel supply system of the furnace.

Powdered fuel is delivered from a pulverizer or the like to the upper housing section I2 in any suitable manner as by means of the two laterally spaced horizontal screw conveyers 30. A vertical partition 32 in the housing section I2 separates the two conveyers 30 so that each operates and functions independently of the other.

Fuel moved into the housing I0 by conveyers falls downwardly by gravity through openings 34 in the supporting annular flange 28 and registering vertical passages 36 in the subjacent housing section I4. In this connection, it will be observed that section I4 is generally circular in plan and that the passages 36 are defined by vertical collars 38 which are connected to the main body of the section by integral web portions 40.

'I'he adjacent section I8 of the housing I8 has downwardly convergent inner surfaces 42 which direct the fuel into the generally cylindrical upper portion of sectt'on I8. Also, atmospheric air is drawn into the housing at this point through inlet ports 44. In this connection, it will be observed that section I6 is formed adjacent the upper edge thereof with an annularY passage 46, and that the ports 44 extend radiallybetween the passage and the periphery of thel and opens through the inner surface 42.

' passage 45 so that air enters the housing at a corresponding angle and sweeps along the inner surface 42 to blend with and carry the fuel downwardly through the housing. Air is drawn into the housing I 0 by suction created by a forced current of air directed transversely through the lower portion thereof in a manner hereinafter described in detail.

The section I8 which receives the aerated fuel mixture contains a. valve for regulating the flow of fuel through the housing and agitators for breaking up or separating any particles which tend to cling together as the fuel passes through the valve. In this connection, it will be observed that the lower portion of section` I8 is formed with a downwardly convergent annular flange 52, and mounted concentrically within the section above flange 52 are oppositely rotatable inner and outer agitator members 54 and 56. Agitators 54 and 56 have upwardly extending hub portions 58 and 60 and the inner hub portion 58 extends through and above the4 outer hub portion 60 as perhaps best shown in Fig. 2. Both hub portions 58 and 60 extend through a generally disk-shaped supporting member 62 which is held centrally within the housing by suitable radial arms 64. In the form of the invention here shown by way of illustration, the inner ends of arms 64 are formed integrally on the support 62, and the outer ends' thereof carry brackets 66 which fit in vertical grooves 68 provided in the inner sur face of the housing section I8. Cap screws 68 extend radially inwardly through the section 'I8 and are threaded into the brackets 66 to hold the latter normally fixed in the housing. Bevel gears 'I0 and I2 fixed on the terminal portions of hubs 58 and 60 mesh with a bevel gear 'I4 which is fixed on and rotates with a horizontal shaft 16. Shaft 'I6 is journaled in a vertical arm 18 which is formed integrally on the supe r that the Valve ts upwardly over the skirt.I When fully raised, the inner annular ange portion of valve 80 seats against the under surface of member 54 to shut off now of fuel through the carburetor. However, when the valve 80 is lowered an annular opening is formedA between it and the agitator 54 through which the fuel passes.

'I'he valve 80 is supported by a plurality of: studs 84 which extend radially outwardly from the skirt ,82 through inclined slots4 86 in the stiffening rings |40 and |42 communicates with the chamber |44.

In order to keep the fuel away from the worm drive andl to prevent the same from packing around the stiifening rings |48 and |42, atmospheric air is introduced into the chamber |44 from an annular passage |48 which is provided on ange 52 above the chamber. Inlet ports |50'extend radially outwardly from passage |48 and open through the periphery of the housing to admit atmospheric air thereto. An annular slot |52 connects passage |48 with chamber |44 and conducts atmospheric air downwardly from the passage into the chamber. Pivoted flaps |54 regulate the flow of air into the housing, and filters |56 clean the air as it enters. Suction created within the body draws air inwardly through ports |50, which air passes downwardly through chamber |48 and slot |52 and over the distal stiifening rings |40 and |42. The downdraft thus createdwithin the lower portion of thehousing I0 prevents the powdered fuel from collecting on the stiffening rings |40 and |42 in the lower section and maintains the distal stiiening rings and |42 relatively clean.

The lower housing section 28 is generally in the shape of a T-connection, and air pipes |58 and |60 are fastened to the end openings thereof. Annular sealing elements |62 provide fluid-tight joints between the pipes |58 and |68 and the housing section 20 (Fig. l), Within the section 20 is an inner bowl member which is integrally fastened at its upper end to the radial flange |46 and is supported by an'integral web |66 but otherwise is spaced and entirely separate from the section. As clearly shown in the drawing, the agitators |24 and |26 extend downwardly into the bowl |64 and the latter is formed with a laterally projecting nozzle |68 which extends in the direction of and is arranged coaxially with respect to the pipe |60. v

A fan |10 induces a forced current of air in the pipe |58, and this air fiows horizontally through the bottom section 20, around the bowl |64, past the nozzle |68 and into pipe |60. In this connection, it will be observed that pipe |60 is provided with an inner tubular lining |12 which, except for suitable spacers |14, is spaced circumferentially therefrom. The liner |12- extends into the lower housing section 26 and telescopically receives the nozzle 68. It should be noted, however, that the lining |12 is spaced radially from the nozzle |68 so that the forced current of air traversing section 20 flows both into the liner |12 and through the annular space between the liner and pipe |60. Spiral vanes |18 on the nozzle |68 impart a slight vortex action to the air as it enters the liner |12.

As a result of the above construction and arrangement of parts, any particles which tend to cling together as the fuel passes through the relatively restricted valve opening, are separated by the agitators |24 and |26 and the finely divided particles are further blended with atmos-l pheric air which enters the housing through ports in the manner hereinabove described. Also, the disturbance caused by the agitators |24 and |26 assures thorough mixing of the air and fuel and a uniform distribution of the fuel in the bowl |64. Theforced draft of air flowing past the nozzle |68 has ln atomizing effect which creates a suction in the entire carburetor housing and also sucks the fuel out of the bowl |64. As the fuel and air mixture passes from the 8 nozzle |68 into the liner |12, it is mixed with additional amounts of air, and turbulence of the air maintains the finely divided fuel in suspension and uniformly distributed.

In this connection, attention also is ydirected to the fact that a horizontal slot |16 is provided in the bowl |64 opposite the nozzle |68. Thus, some of the air from the inlet pipe |58 enters the bowl |64 through slot |16 and sweeps across the bottom of the bowl as indicated by the arrows in Fig. l. The current of air thus created within the bowl keeps the fuel moving toward the discharge nozzle |68 and prevents the same from accumulating or piling up on the floor of the bowl. This is an important feature of the invention, since it was found that without the slot there was some tendency for the fuel to collect in the heel portion of the bowl |64. Periodically, this fuel would break away and be ejected en masse through the nozzle |68. Obviously, an absolutely uniform mixture of air and fuel could not be maintained under these circumstances, However, when the slot |16 was provided, it was found that the dow of air therethrough kept the bowl |64 clean and maintained a uniform fuel mixture at all times.

Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of a hood 18 for the gearing which drives agitators 54 and 56 and agitators |24 and |26. This hood |18 is generally bell-shaped, as perhaps best shown in Fig. 2, and the edge thereof ts downwardly into an annular groove |66 in the disk-shaped support 62. Preferably a suitable seal is provided in groove to effect a tight joint between the hood and the support. A by-pass tube |82 extends from the air inlet pipe |58 to the top of hood 18. The end of tube |82 within pipe |58 is bent horizontally to face the fan |10, and the end thereof within the hood |18 preferably is suitably connected to the inner tubular drive member 30. Thus, a portion of the air traversing pipe |58 enters the by-pass tube |82 which conducts it to the hood |18. Thence, the air flows downwardly over the gearing and through tube |30 into the lower section 2G where it blends with the fuel as it falls downwardly from the valve 80. A valve |84 controls the amount of air by-passed through tube |82 and a ysuitable gauge |86 registers the air pressure within the tube. Preferably, a filter |88 is provided on the lower end of the inner tubular member |30. Manifestly, the downdraft through the tubular member |30 will prevent any fuel from moving upwardly through the tube and collecting on the drive gearing.

In operation, the twin screws 30 bring the powdered coal over the feeder openings 36 and it will be observed that screws 30 are covered in the area over the openings 36 to keep the weight of the coal from forcing it downwardly therethrough. In this way, better positive control of the coal feed is obtained by the screw feed. In the conical section I6 of the carburetor immediately below openings 36, the coal is mixed with atmospheric air which is drawn into the section by vacuum in the carburetor. Preferably the air is dehumidied and heated before being introduced into the carburetor. The air coming in at this point mixes with the entering coal and keeps it loose and free flowing. Thence the mixture of coal and air flows downwardly past the dome-shaped hood |18 and is deflected by the downwardly convergent annular surface 52 to rotating agitators 54 and 56 together with the associated-.arms llzfand hns |06 .fand 1MB Itunetion -'to -separate L'and 'disrupt l'the v'corail rparticles =an`d to assist fthe natural lflow thereof :downwardly through the valve. Having theitwo-fafgi- -tators54 'and rotating -in-opposite-directons l rinch. However, ina valve-of the size "hereinabove referred to, a valve openingor-abplitpne sixty-fourth "f an Ainch Vsufir'zi'eni; ifor *normal foperatingconditions.

suitablemeansinayfbe'provided-for raising 20 and `'1'0".verin'gthevalve fland it is=to'be understood that a manual actuatorl is 'hereshownfor purpose'of'illustration'only. It is contemplated that any means for aujustingthe valve dil'may'be employedand suchmean's may be'eithermanua'l or automatic in' operation.

'It will 'be readily apparentthat th'e'pulverized 'coal is pulled downwardly "through the 'valve opening 'bythe combineda'ction o'f"gravity,vac umn, andthe feeder'a'gitators '54`and56. Asth'e 'coalis sprayed d'ownwardly'through' the va1ve'81'i it enc'oun ers theitwo multi-spoke agitatorsz'l'24 'and |26 which atcmize any lumps 'formed during passage .of the 'coal 'through the valve opening, keep. the individual particles from clinging; together, ,and insure propermixingo'fthe coal with air as it drawnfrorn' the carburetor.

As suggested, the air tube |82 convenientlymay be attached to the innermost tubular drivem'emher |32) by. any suitable connection whichpermits relative rotation between the` parts, and airfforce downwardly through the .shaft-is liiltere'd and sprayed out atthe bottom through the agitator hub 438. This arrangement-provides a positive means for protecting the lower bearings of the agitator-drive mechanism :since/fthe. .downwardly moving ail-.prevents coaldust from coming up to the bearing. l-'xlsofthi's 'air'whichis'under pressuresperforms the additionalslnction of with :the powdered -coal just .fatter itisprays throughthe-annular-valveopening.

-In additiontothe-above,. air 'is .fsuckediinto :the carburetor Athrough 4the linlet ports 50 @and blended with the coal-air mix 1in 4the lower portion of the carburetor. The-lastementioned 'airprotects the worm vdrive'which:is-.mounted in chamber |44 and maintains the stiffening rings |40 and f42"substantially freefrom" coal dust.

"The powdered coal, vhaving'been mixed with small amounts of air three Vdifferent times-"once in the feeder and twice after passing through the valve 80, descends through the carburetor bowl |64 where it turns to flow horizontally outwardly through the nozzle |58.V The primary air coming from the fan flows around the bowl |64 and is blended with the fuel discharging through the nozzle |68. This primary air performs the main function of drawing along and mixing with the powdered coal and air coming from the bowl |611. The slot |16 in the rear of the bowl |64 enables a small amount of the primary air to blow in and down whereby to sweep out heavier particles of coal which otherwise might fall on and cling to the bottom of the bowl. At the point where the primary air passes the butletfof tthe howl 1| 64, fnarrow, spiral .vanesiimamlight 4-lvor-"tex --motion -to the airand eauses tvto lblend Imore thoroughly =and Jevenly `with-the *fuel-and air coming from the bowl A434. -Upon le'ewtug 'the-'bowl 184, the fuel l`anda'irzare @thoroughly Blended and j'flow along like 'a iry Lgairtowardlthe'nozzle (notshown) whichfinjects the .lsame tinto" zthe combustion chamber fof '-*the =ifurrfacei(vncteshown) FEl'htt mortioneo'f the :primary air which -flows `threugh theannular space 'between the outlet -Tlip'e 'flillra'nd liner fllZ, in effect, -insulates lthe diner andthe fuel charge -fiowing therethrough from loutside atmospheric conditions. Thus,the .pipe sF61)"crmsfan;air-jaf'zket around the "fuel'conveyerliner It! 2lv and'prevents the liner from'sweat.- lng. "lifhisatri-angementallows the fuel-airimix'- iftureto'iflcw.freely without 'danger ofthe powdered coal eettlin'gonor's'ticking'to the=liner A'l f2. 'ism when the air in the outer tube .69 reaches the -noztllefattthe'distal-end of Athe passagef'it pre- .vents the fuel from 4-cdking fat vthe -n'ozzle `outlet lbecause-of 2the"heat'ffrcmthe combustion chamber.

v`It is 'to Vvbe -understcmd that Jthe form `of "the Iinvention1herewith'shcvrwn and describedis torbe 'taiken as' 'a "preferred example of the same' and *thatvarious changes in the"size, shape lamid arrangement Y'ofparts may 'be 'resorted to without departingfrom'thespirit of .the inventionortthe "scope'of the appended claims.

'Having'thus described the'invention, I claim:

'1. nxc'arburetor for powdered fuel comprising a "housing having an Lupper inlet through which `vfuel `is.introduced "into the 'housing and ..a"'lower outlet"throughtwhichfuel is discharged fromthe housing; a valve"having a vertical annularpas- .sage 'located in "the housing 'between sai-d inlet 'an'd'said outlet. an'dinc'luding vertically .adjustablemeansfor varying the size of said passage 'to 'control the liow of said fuel; a'.b0wl below said. Valve for. collecting. said .fuelaand delivering 'it Ito -said outlet ;v agitators mounte din .thehous- 'ingbelow said ,valve .extendingdownwardly into saidbowl .an'dcperatixzeto disbutsethe faieLas 'it "falls through .the .valve into the bowl; .and .means `for....generati.ng a -current of Aair..past.,sa.id bowl fand iinto .sai-'d outlet, said last-mentioned means arranged to direct a currentofair past the 'bowl to creataanatomizingeffect insaid howl whereby to draw "fuel therefrom.;.an.d` oarrythe same through-.said outlet.

. .2.".'The Ycombination .as set forth .in claim 1.1

wherein v.valve.includesan upwardly-.facing annularshouldenaroundsaidpassage-,onftwhieh .fulaccumnlates .before .entering .said passage. sa. .rotatable element disposed centrally of saidv passage .ha-ving .radial ploughs ,arranged-:to ride omsaid annularshoulder, said ploughs .beingwrotatablewith #said .element :and .operativer to push-.tuelrfmom thepshoulder. into said; passagemt a substantially uniform rate.

3. The combination as set forth in claim l wherein said valve includes an upwardly facing annular shoulder around said passage, an upwardly and outwardly inclined annular surface around said shoulder, and concentrically disposed rotatable elements mounted centrally of said passage, o-ne of said elements having radial fins disposed to ride on said annular shoulder, and the other of said rotatable elements having radially projecting arms arranged to traverse said inclined surface.

4. The combination as set forth in claim l wherein said valve comprises an upwardly facing annular shoulder around said passage, an upwherein said agitators comprise concentri .wardly and outwardly inclined annular surface around said shoulder, coaxial elements mounted to rotate in opposite directions centrally of said passage, one of said elements having radial ns disposed to ride on said annular shoulder and 5 the other of said elements having radial arms arranged to traverse said inclined surface, means including driving gears and a gear housing above said passage for rotating said elements, and a by-pass for conducting a portion of said current 10 of air to the top of said gear housing whereby the air ows downwardly through the housing and prevents fuel from collecting on said gears.

5. The combination as set forth in claim 1 including means for introducing atmospheric .air downwardly into the housing above said agitators and below said valve whereby to create a dov/nf-l draft therein which aerates the fuel as it passes from the valve and carries the same to said let.

6. The `combination as set forth in clain l I. '79 disposed rotatable elements, stiifening rings car# ried by and rotatable with saidelements, and air inlet means having an annular discharge opening- ,25 above said stiifening rings, whereby air er er ing the housing through said inlet creat downdraft around said stiffening rings which vents fuel from accumulating thereon.

7. The combination as set forth in claim wherein said agitators extend coaxially thrv said valve and include rotatable elementsposed below the valve, and drive means'fo rotatable elements disposed above said valv rotatable elements including annular Stifte members and said drive means including-,gea and a gear housing, means for introducingl a pheric air into the housing above said a stilening members, and means,A for by-pas' portion of said current of air to the top of gear housing. 8. The combination as set forth incl wherein said bowl has an inlet throughyiflgul1 l" said agitators extend and a dischargenoagle i rected toward said outlet, said bowl :havi transverse slot opposite said nozzle, the parl constructed and arranged that a portiori'cf' current of air enters the bowl through'said lot and sweeps the fuel along the bottoml -oifthe bowl to carry the fuel through said lnozzle and into said outlet. Y

9. The combination as set forth in claim i wherein said bowl is arranged to receive fuel from said agitators and has a discharge nozzle directed toward said outlet, a portion of said bowl oppo 55 site said nozzle having a slot through which a portion of said current of air passes, said air adapted to sweep along the bottom of the bowl to prevent fuel from accumulating thereon.

10. The combination as set forth in claim `1 including inner and outer concentrically disposed .cireumferentially spaced outlet pipes, said outer pipe fastened to the housing around said outlet and said inner pipe arranged to receive fuel from said bowl.

11. The combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said bowl is arranged to receive fuel from said agitators and is provided with a discharge nozzle, and including inner and outer circumferentially spaced pipe means, said outer pipe attached to the housing around said outlet and said inner pipe means projecting into the housing through said outlet, the projecting portion of said inner pipe extending over and circumferentially spaced from the nozzle of said bowl.

12. The combination as set forth in claim 11 including a plurality of spiral vanes between the nozzle and said inner pipe.

13j. A carburetor for powdered fuel comprising a'liousing having an upper inlet through which fuel is introduced into the housing and a lower outlet through which fuel is discharged from the housing; a valve having a vertical annular passage located in the housing between said inlet 'and said outlet, an upwardly facing annular shoulder around said passage on which fuel acfcumulates before entering said passage, a rotatable element disposed centrally of said passage `having radial ploughs arranged to ride on said ,annular shoulder and operative to push fuel from the shoulder into said passage at a substantially uniform rate, vand vertically adjustable means for .varying the size of said pasage to control flow bf fuelt-herethrough; a fuel-collecting member in the housinebelow the valve having a top opening disposed to receive fuel from the valve passage and a side opening disposed to deliver fuel into ,the fuel-discharge outlet of the housing; and an air passagev extending from said outlet and containing the fuel-collecting member, the latter bejing spaced from the Wall of the passage so that air traversing the passage in the direction of the outlet-flows around said fuel-collecting membei'. and draws fuel from the member into the air stream.

' STEPHEN L. FITZPATRICK.

` References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 772,229 Fairly Oct. 11, 1904 1,131,951 Parsons Mar. 16, 1915 1,243,892 Strong Oct. 23, 1917 1,364,533 Von Porat Jan. 4, 1921 1,636,331 Smith July 19, 1927 1,970,405 Thomas Aug. 14, 1934 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 316,988 Germany June 7, 1916 85,554 Austria Sept. 10, 1921 

